剑桥风险研究中心：2024年全球企业的风险管理视角报告（英文版）
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RISK MANAGEMENT
PERSPECTIVES
OF GLOBAL
CORPORATIONS
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies
Cambridge Risk Framework
2
Risk Management Practices of Global Corporations Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies
Acknowledgements
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies gratefully acknowledges
the Institute of Risk Management for supporting the
research efforts summarised in this report. The Centre
is grateful for the expertise provided by our research
team, collaborators and subject matter specialists. Any
misinterpretation in use of the advice provided is entirely
the responsibility of the Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies.
Paper Citation:
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies, 2018. Risk Management
Perspectives of Global Corporations. Cambridge Centre for
Risk Studies at the University of Cambridge Judge Business
School and Institute of Risk Management.
or
Tuveson, M; Ralph, D; Copic, J; Majumdar, O; Deng, K., 2018.
Risk Management Perspectives of Global Corporations.
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies at the University of
Cambridge Judge Business School and Institute of Risk
Management.
Cambridge Centre for
Risk Studies Project Team
Jennifer Copic, Research Associate
Ken Deng, Research Assistant
Olivia Majumdar, Research Assistant
Professor Daniel Ralph, Academic Director
Dr Michelle Tuveson, Executive Director
Cambridge Centre for
Risk Studies Research Team
James Bourdeau, Research Assistant
Oliver Carpenter, Research Assistant
Dr Andrew Coburn, Director of Advisory Board
Dr Jennifer Daffron, Research Associate
Timothy Douglas, Research Assistant
Tamara Evan, Research Assistant
Kelly Quantrill, Research Assistant
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Dr Andy Skelton, Senior Risk Researcher
Andrew Smith, Research Assistant
Kayla Strong, Research Assistant
The views contained in this report are entirely those of the research team of the Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies and do not
imply any endorsement of these views by the organisations supporting the research, or our consultants and collaborators. The
results of the Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies research presented in this report are for information purposes only. This report
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damage arising from its use. Any commercial use will require a license agreement with the Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies.
Copyright © 2018 by Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies.
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies
University of Cambridge Judge Business School
Trumpington Street
Cambridge, CB2 1AG United Kingdom
enquiries.risk@jbs.cam.ac.uk
Website and Research Platform
www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/faculty-research/centres/risk
Institute of Risk Management
Sackville House
143 - 149 Fenchurch Street
London
EC3M 6BN
United Kingdom
Website
www.theirm.org
3
Cambridge Centre for Risk Studies Risk Management Practices of Global Corporations
Contents
Foreward from IRM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Executive Summary ......................................................................................................6
Vulnerabilities of Corporations ..........................................................................................6
2018 Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Survey Results .................................................................6
Sector Considerations of Top Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Exploration of Risks through Scenario Analysis ...........................................................................9
Risk Management Tools ................................................................................................9
Top Mitigation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Role of Insurance in Risk Management ..................................................................................9
Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 1: Introduction .................................................................................................11
Section 2: The Present State of Global Corporations ......................................................................12
The Globalisation Landscape for Corporations ......................................................................... 12
Growth of Corporations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Vulnerabilities of Corporations ........................................................................................ 14
Understanding a Corporation’s Risks .................................................................................. 15
Cross-Company Risk Aggregations .................................................................................... 15
Demanding Better Cultures of Corporations ........................................................................... 17
Section 3: Scope of Enterprise Risk Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section 4: Top Enterprise Risks Facing Corporations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A Network Perspective of Top Enterprise Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Sector Considerations of Top Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7RS5LVN)LQDQFLDOV5HYHQXHV3UR±WV6KDUH3ULFH ................................................................22
Top Risk #2 - Operational Performance ..............................................................................23
Top Risk #3 - Regulatory, Standards and Reporting ................................................................... 24
Top Risk #4 - Reputation/Brand .....................................................................................25
Top Risk #5 - Security of Enterprise Including Cyber Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Top Risk #6 - Business Continuity and Crisis Management ............................................................ 29
Top Risk #7 - Macro Economic and Trade Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Top Risk #8 - Health and Safety .....................................................................................31
Top Risk #9 - Geopolitical ...........................................................................................32
Top Risk #10 - Human Capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Bottom Risk #1 - Gender and Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Section 5: Trend Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Exploration of Risks and Trends through Scenario Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Applications of Scenarios .............................................................................................37
Section 6: Risk Management Tools and Processes ........................................................................39
Risk Management Tools ..............................................................................................39
Top Mitigation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Budget Priorities for Top Risks ......................................................................................... 42
Role of Insurance in Risk Management ................................................................................ 42
Section 7: Conclusion and Future Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Appendix A: Materials, Methods and Expertise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Research Engagement with Subject Matter Specialists .................................................................46
2018 ERM Online Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6XUYH\5HVSRQGHQW3UR±OHV ............................................................................................47
Appendix B: Five Trends Driving Macro Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Future of the Dollar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Climate & Sustainability Regulation ...................................................................................53
Growth of Liability Risk ............................................................................................... 53
Human Capital, Aging and Longevity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Technology, AI and Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Bibliography ...........................................................................................................58
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RISKMANAGEMENTPERSPECTIVESOFGLOBALCORPORATIONSCambridgeCentreforRiskStudiesCambridgeRiskFramework2RiskManagementPracticesofGlobalCorporationsCambridgeCentreforRiskStudiesAcknowledgementsCambridgeCentreforRiskStudiesgratefullyacknowledgestheInstituteofRiskManagementforsupportingtheresearcheffortssumm...
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