世界银行-利用人力资本促进克罗地亚经济增长——在人口和技术变革中释放经济起飞的潜力（英）-2024-98页

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HARNESSING

HUMAN CAPITAL

FOR GROWTH

IN CROATIA

Unleashing

Potential

for Economic

Takeo Amid

Demographic

and

Technological

Change

Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized

Harnessing Human Capital for Growth in Croatia

Reconstruction and Development /

The World Bank

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Washington DC 20433

Telephone: 202-473-1000

Internet: www.worldbank.org

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The material in this work is subject

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its knowledge, this work may be

reproduced, in whole or in part, for

noncommercial purposes as long as

full attribution to this work is given.

Any queries on rights and licenses,

including subsidiary rights, should be

addressed to World Bank Publications,

The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street

NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;

fax: 202-522-2625;

e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.

This work is a product of the sta

of the World Bank with external

contributions. The findings,

interpretations, and conclusions

expressed in this work do not

necessarily reflect the views of The

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The World Bank does not guarantee

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Acknowledgments

This report has been prepared by a team led by Nithin Umapathi and

consisting of Malathi Velamuri (Consultant), Clement Joubert (World

Bank), Lea-Karla Matić (EIZ), Tibor Kovac (EIZ), Vedran Recher (EIZ), Maria

Ustinova (World Bank), Nicholas Gailey (Consultant), Boryana Gotcheva

(Consultant), Daniel Garrote Sanchez (World Bank), Lucia Brajkovic (World

Bank), Zoran Anusic (World Bank), and Predrag Bejakovic (Consultant).

It has been prepared under the oversight and management of Gallina

Andronova Vincelette (Country Director for the European Union), Fadia

Saadah (Regional Director, Human Development), Jehan Arulpragasam

(Country Manager for Croatia), and Cem Mete (Practice Manager, Social

Protection and Jobs). Fiona Mackintosh edited the report, and Elizaveta

Tarasova provided the graphic design. Ruzica Jugovic provided admin-

istrative support. The team would like to acknowledge people who have

provided important input and suggestions during the preparation of

the report. The team thanks the peer reviewers Teo Matkovic, Pablo A.

Acosta, Ciro Avitabile and Josip Funda for their invaluable feedback.

Rafael De Hoyos Navarro oered instrumental guidance as program

leader, Juul Pinxten made important contributions to the social protec-

tion chapter, Mauro Testaverde gave important suggestions on migra-

tion, and Iva Tomic shared valuable insights on the Croatian labor market,

which was greatly appreciated. Anna Koziel shared recent work on Cro-

atian long-term care, and Mirey Ovadia shared her experience on ALMP.

Ana Simundza gave valuable all-around assistance and insights. Nga Thi

Viet Nguyen and Diego Ambasz provided helpful comments.

iii

Harnessing Human Capital for Growth in Croatia

List of acronyms

ALMMs Active labor market measures

ALMP Active labor market policies

CASP-19 The Quality of Life Scale assessing quality of life in individuals in early old

age.

CEE Central and Eastern Europe

CES Croatian Employment Service

CROQF Croatian Qualifications Framework

CSW Case worker

CVT Continuing vocational training

DESA Department of Economic and Social Aairs (UN)

DESI Digital Economy and Society Index

DIOC Database on Immigrants in OECD and Non-OECD Countries

ECA European and Central Asia

ECEC Early childhood education and care

ER Employment rate

ESI European Skills Index

EU European Union

EU-27 Group of 27 EU member states

GDP Gross domestic product

GFC Global financial crisis

GMB Guaranteed minimum benefit

GTS Graduate Tracking System

ICT Information and communication technologies

LFP Labor force participation

LFPR Labor force participation rate

LFS Labor force survey

LTC Long-term care

NAV Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration

NEET Not in education, employment, or training

NMS New member states

NRRP National Recovery and Resilience Plan

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PIAAC International Assessment of Adult Competencies

PISA Programme for International Student Assessment

PTR Participation Tax Rate

SA Social assistance

SHARE Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe

SILC Survey on Income and Living Conditions

STEAM Science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics

STEM Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

TALIS Teaching and Learning International Survey

TFP Total factor productivity

TIMSS Trends in Mathematics and Science Study

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UB Unemployment benefit

VET Vocational Education and Training

WBL Work-based learning

YEI Youth Employment Initiative

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HARNESSINGHUMANCAPITALFORGROWTHINCROATIAUnleashingPotentialforEconomicTakeoAmidDemographicandTechnologicalChangePublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizediiHarnessingHumanCapitalforGrowthinCroatia©2023InternationalBankforReconstructionan...

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