亚太森林组织：“双碳”目标下林业碳汇和碳交易基础知识读本

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Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation

亚太森林恢复与可持续管理组织

“双碳”目标下

林业碳汇和碳交易基础知识读本

APFNet 碳中和林业行动咨询专家组名单

（第一批）

张松丹姜春前王国胜

张小全徐明李仁强

朱建华于天飞白彦锋

手册执笔人

姜春前白彦锋于天飞黄克标

2022 年2月

 
I 
目 录 
一、气候变化 .......................................................................................................................................... 1 
（一）全球气候变化 ....................................................................................................................................... 2 
1.什么是气候变化 ................................................................................................................................... 2 
2.气候变化的事实 ................................................................................................................................... 4 
（二）中国气候变化 ....................................................................................................................................... 9 
二、应对气候变化的重要国际行动 .................................................................................................... 12 
（一）政府间气候变化专门委员会 IPCC ................................................................................................... 13 
（二）联合国气候变化框架公约 UNFCCC ................................................................................................ 14 
（三）京都议定书 ......................................................................................................................................... 16 
（四）巴黎协定 ............................................................................................................................................. 18 
（五）自主贡献 ............................................................................................................................................. 20 
（六）中国国家自主贡献 ............................................................................................................................. 21 
三、林业碳汇和碳交易的基本概念 .................................................................................................... 22   
（一）林业碳汇相关的基本概念 .......................................................................................................................... 23 
1.森林 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 
2.造林 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 
3.再造林 ................................................................................................................................................. 23 
4.毁林 ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
5.排放 ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
6.碳排放 ................................................................................................................................................. 24 
7.碳源 ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
8.碳库 ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
9.碳汇 ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
10.碳储量 ............................................................................................................................................... 24 
11.碳储量变化 ....................................................................................................................................... 24 
12.碳达峰 ............................................................................................................................................... 25 
13.碳中和 ............................................................................................................................................... 25 
14.中国核证自愿减排量（CCER） ..................................................................................................... 25 
15.黄金标准(the Gold Standard) ........................................................................................................... 26 
16.国际核证碳减排标准（VCS） ....................................................................................................... 26 
（二）林业碳汇项目中涉及到的概念 .................................................................................................................. 27 
1.项目边界 ............................................................................................................................................. 27 
2.项目情景 ............................................................................................................................................. 27 
3.基线情景 ............................................................................................................................................. 27 

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摘要：

Asia-PacificNetworkforSustainableForestManagementandRehabilitation亚太森林恢复与可持续管理组织“双碳”目标下林业碳汇和碳交易基础知识读本APFNet碳中和林业行动咨询专家组名单（第一批）张松丹姜春前王国胜张小全徐明李仁强朱建华于天飞白彦锋手册执笔人姜春前白彦锋于天飞黄克标2022年2月I目录一、气候变化......................................................................................................................

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