国际清算银行-加密货币、代币和DeFi：驾驭监管格局（英）-2023.5-50页

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Financial Stability

Institute

FSI Insights

on policy implementation

No 49

Crypto, tokens and DeFi:

navigating the regulatory

landscape

By Denise Garcia Ocampo, Nicola Branzoli and Luca

Cusmano

May 2023

JEL classification: F30, G18, G28, O38

Keywords: cryptoasset, cryptoasset service provider,

decentralised finance, DeFi, DLT, global stablecoin,

stablecoin, token, tokenised asset, virtual asset, virtual

asset service provider.

FSI Insights are written by members of the Financial Stability Institute (FSI) of the Bank for International

Settlements (BIS), often in collaboration with staff from supervisory agencies and central banks. The papers

aim to contribute to international discussions on a range of contemporary regulatory and supervisory

policy issues and implementation challenges faced by financial sector authorities. The views expressed in

them are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the BIS or the Basel-based

committees.

Authorised by the Chair of the FSI, Fernando Restoy.

This publication is available on the BIS website (www.bis.org). To contact the BIS Media and Public

Relations team, please email press@bis.org. You can sign up for email alerts at

www.bis.org/emailalerts.htm.

translated provided the source is stated.

ISSN 2522-249X (online)

ISBN 978-92-9259-656-9 (online)

Crypto, tokens and DeFi: navigating the regulatory landscape

iii

Contents

Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Section 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Section 2 – Definitions and criteria for classifying policy measures covered in this paper ................................. 8

Section 3 – Policy measures on centrally managed cryptoasset activities ............................................................... 13

Section 4 – Policy measures on community-managed cryptoasset activities......................................................... 30

Section 5 – Policy measures on users’ direct exposures to cryptoassets and related activities ...................... 37

Section 6 – Future challenges and concluding remarks .................................................................................................. 39

References .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 42

Annex A: Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................................ 48

Online Annex B: References of regulatory and policy responses covered in Table 6 .......................................... 50

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FinancialStabilityInstituteFSIInsightsonpolicyimplementationNo49Crypto,tokensandDeFi:navigatingtheregulatorylandscapeByDeniseGarciaOcampo,NicolaBranzoliandLucaCusmanoMay2023JELclassification:F30,G18,G28,O38Keywords:cryptoasset,cryptoassetserviceprovider,decentralisedfinance,DeFi,DLT,globalstablecoin...

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